How do you say that you are busy in German?

The word you’re looking for is probably “beschäftigt”. Beschäftigt means busy or occupied. The related verb beschäftigen can mean to employ someone or keep them occupied; sich mit etwas beschäftigen means to engage with something.

Ich bin grad beschäftigt. I am busy at the moment.

Ich beschäftige drei Mitarbeiter*innen. I have three employees.

Ich beschäftige mich beruflich mit Künstlicher Intelligenz. I work professionally with artificial intelligence.

fleißig

This word is used more in the sense of “industrious” - as in the proverbial “busy bee” - to acknowledge someone’s hard work or to motivate children to work hard.

Da warst du aber fleißig! You have been busy!

Wenn du fleißig lernst, dann bekommst du eine gute Note. If you study hard, you will get a good grade.

besetzt

This word is used to indicate that the telephone line is busy or the lavatory (or country) is occupied.

Das Telefon ist besetzt. The telephone line is busy.

Entschuldigung, die Toilette ist besetzt. Sorry, the bathroom is occupied.

Das Land wurde vor zehn Jahren vom Nachbarland besetzt. Ten years ago, the country was occupied by its neighboring country.

sehr viel zu tun - zu viel zu tun

This is probably the best way to indicate that one is very busy or even too busy for something else. Sehr viel zu tun haben literally means to have a lot to do and zu viel zu tun haben is simply too much on your plate.

Diese Woche habe ich sehr viel zu tun. I am very busy this week.

Ich habe zu viel zu tun, um heute ins Kino zu gehen. I am too busy to go to the movies today.

And lastly, there is good old Denglish to help you out. The phrase: Tut mir leid, ich bin grad ziemlich busy. (I am sorry, I am quite busy at the moment.) is perfectly understandable.

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